Design and simulation of a novel GaN based resonant tunneling high electron mobility transistor on a silicon substrate

For the first time, we have introduced a novel GaN based resonant tunneling high electron mobility transistor (RTHEMT) on a silicon substrate. A monolithically integrated GaN based inverted high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) are designed and simulated using the ATLAS simulator and MATLAB in this study. The 10% Al composition in the barrier layer of the GaN based RTD structure provides a peak-to-valley current ratio of 2.66 which controls the GaN based HEMT performance. Thus the results indicate an improvement in the current-voltage characteristics of the RTHEMT by controlling the gate voltage in this structure. The introduction of silicon as a substrate is a unique step taken by us for this type of RTHEMT structure.     

Effects of fog,driver experience and gender on driving behavior on S-curved road segments

Driving on curved roads has been recognized as a significant safety issue for many years. However, driver behavior and the interactions among variables that affect driver performance on curves is complicated and not well understood. Previous studies have investigated various factors that influence driver performance on right- or left-turn curves, but have paid little attention to the effects of foggy weather, driver experience and gender on driver performance on complex curves. A driving simulator experiment was conducted in this study to evaluate the relationships between driving behavior on a continuous S-curve and foggy weather, driver experience and gender. The process of negotiating a curve was divided into three stages consisting of a straight segment, the transition from the straight segment to the S-curve and the S-curve. The experimental results indicated that drivers tended to drive more cautiously in heavy fog, but the driving risk was still increased, especially in the transition stage from the straight segment to the S-curve. The non-professional (NP) drivers were less sensitive to the impending change in the road geometry, and less skilled in both longitudinal and lateral vehicle control than the professional drivers. The NP female drivers in particular were found to be the most vulnerable group in S-curve driving.     

In-depth analysis of drivers’ merging behavior and rear-end crash risks in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior and the rear-end crash risk in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the merging traffic data from a work zone site in Singapore, a mixed probit model is developed to describe the merging behavior, and two surrogate safety measures including the time to collision (TTC) and deceleration rate to avoid the crash (DRAC) are adopted to compute the rear-end crash risk between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. Results show that the merging vehicle has a bigger probability of completing a merging maneuver quickly under one of the following situations: (i) the merging vehicle moves relatively fast; (ii) the merging lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle; and (iii) there is a sizable gap in the adjacent through lane. Results indicate that the rear-end crash risk does not monotonically increase as the merging vehicle speed increases. The merging vehicle's rear-end crash risk is also affected by the vehicle type. There is a biggest increment of rear-end crash risk if the merging lead vehicle belongs to a heavy vehicle. Although the reduced remaining distance to work zone could urge the merging vehicle to complete a merging maneuver quickly, it might lead to an increased rear-end crash risk. Interestingly, it is found that the rear-end crash risk could be generally increased over the elapsed time after the merging maneuver being triggered.     

Enforcement avoidance behavior near automated speed enforcement areas in Korean expressways

Automated speed enforcement system (ASES) has been deployed as a safety countermeasure on Korean roadways to reduce speeding-related traffic crashes; information on ASES locations is mandated to be open to the public. However, because drivers are alerted about enforcement via on-board navigation systems and roadside signs, they can avoid enforcement by momentarily reducing their speeds near ASES locations. This enforcement avoidance behavior (EAB) can induce sudden changes in speed near the enforcement locations and thereby increase risk of crash occurrence.     

Large sized cubic BN reinforced nanocomposite with improved abrasive wear resistance deposited by cold spray

In this work, large sized cubic BN (cBN) reinforced nanocomposites are prepared by cold spray deposition of blended powder mixtures of mechanically alloyed 40 vol.% cBN–NiCrAl nanocomposite particles and large sized cBN particles. Deposition behavior of the blended powders, microstructure and mechanical properties including hardness, fracture toughness and two-body dry abrasive wear behavior of the sprayed composites, are investigated. Results show that dense composites with large cBN particle content of 13–20 vol.%, depending on composition of the spray powders, can be obtained. Declining deposition efficiency is detected as increasing large cBN content due to the gradually enhanced sand blasting effect. Increasing content of large cBN in spray powder results in an increment in hardness and a decrement in fracture toughness. Abrasive wear resistance of the 40 vol.% cBN–NiCrAl nanocomposite is doubled by incorporating 20 vol.% of the large cBN particles. Worn surface morphology observation indicates that the improvement is due to the shielding effect of the large protruding cBN particles against SiC abrasive. Material removal mechanism of the sprayed composites during abrasive wear test is also studied.     

高密度聚乙烯在拉萨自然环境中老化行为及氧化物生成规律

在西藏拉萨地区中对滚塑包装箱专用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行了18个月的自然老化试验,以研究其在极端气候环境下的老化特性与规律。采用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FT-IR)和X射线衍射技术分析了材料老化前后微观结构指标羰基指数、羟基指数、支化程度、断链程度、不饱和度变化趋势及晶体结构变化特点,进一步确定其老化行为,并通过对氧化特征谱带洛伦兹分峰拟合,探究氧化产物的生成规律。结果表明,材料老化初期支化和氧化作用显著,老化中期支化和断链作用仍为主要的老化行为,氧化作用一定程度上放缓,老化后期断链则占主导地位。老化过程中晶体结构基本不变,晶胞参数小幅度变化,老化中氧化产物以酮羰基为主,γ内酯羰基为二次氧化产物,且二者生成趋势相反,酯羰基和醛羰基的增长出现前期增长缓慢后期加速的特点。     

部分流低温液氮泵性能及流动特性仿真研究

对部分流低温液氮泵进行了外特性及内流场特性的数值模拟研究。通过两种数学模型及不同计算方法的对比,以扬程的预测差异为依据,确定了采用SIMPLEC压力耦合方式标准湍流模型最为精准,扬程偏差在4%以内。泵内流场的分析可知,泵的速度流场分布与部分流泵的设计理论相符;模拟的叶片头部的负压区验证了实验中的零压头现象。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的界面特性及增强机理研究进展

采用简单的电热板在空气气氛中、430℃加热氧化Fe片以及沉积在硅基片上的Fe膜,在Fe基体表面分别制备出了一维α-Fe2O3纳米线和纳米带,并研究了不同Fe基体热氧化制备的纳米结构的场发射特性。结果表明：Fe片和Fe膜热氧化获得的α-Fe2O3纳米结构的开启电场分别为14．5V／μm和13．3V／μm;α-Fe2O3纳...     

AA5083铝合金在海水中的腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学工作站研究了AA5083铝合金在海水中的极化曲线、点蚀电位、交流阻抗等性能,通过高分辨率数码显微镜、扫描电镜等表征手段对AA5083铝合金腐蚀前后的表面形貌进行了研究。研究结果表明:AA5083铝合金在静态海水中的腐蚀以点腐蚀为主,浸泡初期阻抗由容抗和感抗组成,腐蚀电位随着浸泡时间的延长不断负移,耐腐蚀性降低,点腐蚀坑越来越多,并且点腐蚀坑不断增大加深,在试板表面中间区域形成半球状点腐蚀坑,腐蚀达到一定程度后,出现Warburg阻抗,腐蚀电位逐渐稳定在-0.58V。